CNC machinists use computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools to cut, drill, shape and finish products and components used in the engineering and manufacturing sectors. They work chiefly with metals but also deal with wood, composite materials and plastics.

They operate tools, including:

• lathes
• cutters
• milling machines
• grinders
• borers
• machines that combine several of these functions.

Products include parts for the automotive, power, marine and aerospace industries, and manufacturing and machine tools for the engineering sector.

Machinists program the CNC machine tool with data taken from technical drawings. Some machines display the section on a screen so that machinists can work out the process visually.

Typical duties include:

• planning the most efficient sequence of operations for the job
• selecting the appropriate tools for each cut
• selecting the right cutting speeds
• setting tolerances
• positioning the section for each cut
• converting instructions into a numerically-based program for the computer to follow
• checking that work meets quality and technical standards
• routine maintenance of machine tools.

The CNC machines are designed and set to produce large quantities of components to exactly the same specifications. Hand-operated machine tools may be used if small quantities of a product are needed.

Hours and Environment

CNC machinists work 39 hours a week, Monday to Friday. Overtime may be available. Shiftwork can include weekends, evenings and nights.

Machinists work in factories and workshops standing at the machine as it operates. Although they can position heavier materials with hoists, some manual lifting of smaller sections will be required.

Machinists normally wear protective overalls, boots, goggles and earguards.

Skills and Interests

To be a CNC machinist, you should:

• understand engineering drawings and instructions
• be able to visualise finished products
• have an understanding of the properties of the materials you work with
• have good practical skills
• have good numeracy and computer literacy skills
• be able to work precisely
• have good concentration levels
• be able to work alone
• be reasonably physically fit.

Entry

A common route for young people is to train as an apprentice in engineering. Most apprentices start at 16 to 19, but entry may be possible up to 24 (see Training section for contacts). You will need four GCSEs (A-C)/S grades (1-3), such as maths, English, science, engineering, design and technology or appropriate equivalents. Check with training providers for exact entry requirements.

Alternative qualifications open to all ages include:

• Edexcel (BTEC) First Certificate in Engineering
• BTEC National Certificates/Diplomas in Mechanical Engineering
• BTEC National Certificates/Diplomas Manufacturing Engineering. 

These are available at local colleges.

For general information about engineering as a career, contact SEMTA and Women into Science and Engineering. In addition, the Engineering Training Council (Northern Ireland) has careers information and a course database for local colleges. See their websites in Further Information.

Training

You receive on-the-job training. There is a number of awards available for those working in CNC machining. These include:

• City & Guilds Progression Award in Applying Engineering Principles Level 2
• City & Guilds Progression Award in Production Engineering (various options including CNC work) at levels 2 and 3
• NVQ/SVQ in Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering at levels 2 and 3
• NVQ/SVQ in Wood Machining at levels 2 and 3
• NVQ/SVQ in Marine Engineering Level 3
• NVQ/SVQ in Engineering Woodworking, Pattern and Model Making Level 3
• EAL Advanced Diploma in Engineering and Technology Level 3
• City & Guilds Certificate in Furniture Production at levels 1 to 3.

Apprenticeships may be available for those under the age of 24. In England these are currently Apprenticeships (level 2) and Advanced Apprenticeships (level 3). To find out more about these, visit www.apprenticeships.org.uk

Apprenticeships may be different in other areas. For further information see Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland

Opportunities

The main job opportunities occur in mechanical engineering, motor vehicle, aerospace and shipbuilding industries. There are also openings in engineering maintenance, for example, rail transport and power generation.

Although there is a demand for CNC machinists, the overall trend towards automated processes means that firms are more likely to recruit multiskilled operatives.

With further training, machinists can move into supervisory or quality inspection posts, or to technician posts in a design or drawing office.

Annual Income

Figures are intended as a guideline only.

Machinists start at around £14,000 a year.
Experienced machinists earn around £18,000 a year.
Salaries for senior staff can be up to £25,000.

Further information

6th Floor
10 Maltravers Street
London
WC2R 3ER
Tel: 020 7557 6426 14 Upton Road
Watford
Hertfordshire
WD18 0JT
Tel: 0800 282 167 Interpoint
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Belfast
BT15 1AQ
Tel: 028 9032 9878