Microbiologists study microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and algae. They work alongside other scientists who specialise in these areas. Much of the work takes place in laboratories and involves operating laboratory equipment, some of which is computerised.

Microbiologists conduct experiments, make observations, and present their findings. The can work in a range of areas such as medicine, industry, education and the environment.

The activities a microbiologist is involved in can include:

• monitoring, identifying and helping to control infectious diseases
• using molecular biology techniques to develop and test new medicines and treatments for disease
• investigating the potential uses of microorganisms to produce antibodies, steroids, vaccines, hormones and other healthcare products
• developing the use of microorganisms and enzymes in food production, crop protection and soil fertility
• monitoring and checking manufacturing processes to make sure the products are safe
• controlling pollution using microorganisms which can break down toxic substances
• overseeing the safe disposal of waste.

Microbiologists will often supervise the work of support staff and carry out administrative work. Those working in universities or teaching hospitals will be involved in tutoring, mentoring and supervising students.

Hours and Environment

Many microbiologists will work 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday, with shifts or on-call duties possible in some jobs.

Protective clothing is worn to prevent contamination. This role is likely to involve some travel to scientific meetings and conferences.

Skills and Interests

To be a microbiologist, you should:

• have an enquiring mind and be able to think clearly and logically
• be good at problem-solving
• be able to work accurately and pay attention to detail
• be able to work in, or lead, a team of professionals
• have excellent spoken and written communication skills
• keep up with advances in your field by reading relevant scientific literature
• be comfortable with using statistics and relevant data-handling computer packages.

Entry

To be a microbiologist you will usually need a degree in a relevant subject such as biology, microbiology, biochemistry, physics, engineering or a science subject relating to medicine. Although not essential you may find it an advantage, when looking for your first paid position, if you also have a relevant postgraduate qualification and some work experience.

The minimum entry requirements for a degree in microbiology are usually five GCSEs (A-C)/S grades (1-3) including two sciences, English and maths, plus three A levels/H grades including biology and preferably chemistry. Many institutions offer a foundation or bridging course for students who have not previously studied the appropriate science subjects. Please check with colleges or universities for exact entry requirements.

The Society for General Microbiology (SGM) hold information on studentships, and the Society for Applied Biology (SFAM) has details regarding summer working schemes. Your university and local hospital trust may be able to advise you on voluntary opportunities.

It may be possible to train as a laboratory technician and work towards becoming a microbiologist by studying part-time for a relevant degree. Please check the laboratory technician job profile for further details.

Training

As a microbiologists you will receive on-the-job training in laboratory techniques, IT, and management/supervisory skills. Some employers may encourage you to study for postgraduate qualifications, a higher degree or membership or fellowship of a professional body.

To work in the NHS as a clinical microbiologist (clinical scientist) you need a relevant degree and to be state registered. The Health Professions Council (HPC) and Association of Clinical Scientists websites hold details of approved courses and registration - see Further Information section. As a trainee in the NHS you would complete an in-house training programme, lasting up to three years, leading to an MSc in Microbiology.

Membership of a professional body such as the Society of General Microbiology, will give you access to networking opportunities and continuing professional development.

Laboratory technicians can study for an NVQ/SVQ at levels 2, 3 or 4 in Lab and Associated Technical Activities, or a relevant BTEC National, BTEC HNC/HND, or degree.

Opportunities

Microbiologists can work for a wide range of employers including NHS and private hospitals, universities, and the Public Health Laboratory Service. Opportunities also exist in education and the media, working for schools and colleges, publishers, broadcasters and museums.

Microbiologists can be involved in research and development work, scientific analysis and investigation, medical and technical writing, and information science.

Some move into administration work with government departments or privatised agencies such as the Food Standards Agency, the Environment Agency or the Health and Safety Executive.

Relocation may be necessary for career progression.

Annual Income

Figures are intended as a guideline only. Salaries are higher in the private sector. The following figures are for a microbiologist working in the NHS.

The starting salary for a microbiologist is between £19,000 and £25,000 a year.
Experienced and well qualified staff can earn around £31,000.
Team managers can earn £36,500.
Consultants can earn up to around £61,000.

Further information

14 Upton Road
Watford
Hertfordshire
WD18 0JT
Tel: 0800 282 167

c/o Association of Clinical Biochemists
130-132 Tooley Street
London
SE1 2TU
Tel: 020 7940 8960

Park House
184 Kennington Park Road
London
SE11 4BU
Tel: 020 7582 0866 Tel: 08000 150 850
Email: learning@nhscareers.nhs.uk PO Box 376
Bristol
BS99 3EY
Tel: 0845 606 0655