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surveyor land
Land or engineering surveyors measure and chart the precise shape of natural and artificial features on a site’s surface. The data forms the basis of plans used for civil engineering and construction projects, such as new transport infrastructure - roads, tunnels and bridges; land redevelopment, mining, quarrying and waste management operations; and installation of power, energy and water supply networks.
There are several aspects to the work:
Feasibility studies – exploratory surveys are carried out on a potential site to assess the economic viability of a proposed project. Environmental impact assessments are also carried out.
Geospatial measurement - using a variety of equipment and techniques, precise models of the site are constructed. Methods include:
- photogrammetry – 3-D digital imaging of surface features
- remote sensing – mapping of land cover and use, utilising satellite imagery
- theodolites and laser technology – use of surveying instruments and GPS to produce precise coordinates and measurements of site features.
Geomatics (data collection and manipulation) - surveyors collate the data using geographic information systems (GIS) for analysis and interpretation of site characteristics. Data can be retrieved and presented in various formats for engineers, planners and architects to produce construction designs and setting out plans. The data is also used to draft 2-D and 3-D charts and maps of an area with computer-aided design software and cartographic techniques.
Geomechanics – the survey information is also used by surveyors as a series of reference points for subsequent site monitoring of land movement and deformation caused by the construction project or by natural processes.
Land surveyors may specialise in mapping underwater features, known as hydrographic surveying. This can be inshore work, surveying natural waterways and canals for environmental projects, dredging operations or navigational charts; or offshore work linked to site surveys for oil and gas platforms, undersea mining or location and salvage of sunken hazards.
Other duties include managing the surveying team and attending meetings with contractors and clients.
Hours and Environment
Land surveyors work 35 to 40 hours a week. Early starts, late finishes and weekend work may be required, depending on deadlines. The job combines office and site work, and it is often necessary to spend periods of time away from home.
Sites are subject to all weather conditions and protective clothing is normally required. A driving licence will usually be necessary.
Skills and Interests
To be a land surveyor you should:
- be familiar with surveying technology and CAD programs
- have excellent maths, science and IT skills, particularly databases
- have strong analytical skills and an innovative approach to problem solving
- be able to work to a high degree of accuracy
- be able to analyse and interpret graphical data
- have a comprehensive knowledge of planning legislation, environmental regulations, and health and safety issues
- have strong communication, negotiation and presentation skills
- be able to prioritise and plan effectively
- be committed to ongoing continuing professional development
- be able to work as part of a team and take responsibility for decision making.
For hydrographic work, some knowledge of navigation and experience of handling small marine craft may be required.
Entry
To qualify as a land surveyor you will need to undertake an approved degree qualification followed by professional development (see Training) or gain a trainee position with a surveying firm and study for qualifications whilst working. Relevant degrees include surveying, civil engineering, geomatics and geographical science. Related degrees such as geology, environmental engineering and earth science may be acceptable.
For a degree course the minimum entry requirements are five GCSEs (A-C)/S grades (1-3) and two A levels/three H grades. For a HND the requirement is four GCSEs (A-C)/S grades (1-3) plus one A level/two H grades, or equivalent.
For holders of non-accredited degrees, a postgraduate course in surveying will be required. This may be available in the form of a graduate traineeship once employed or by studying at an accredited university.
Holders of a BTEC HNC/HND or foundation degree in surveying may be able to work as a surveying technician whilst undertaking further study to fully qualify. See profile for Surveyor: Technical.
The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), the Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (ICES) and the Chartered Institute of Building's (CIOB) Faculty for Architecture and Surveying have details about surveying careers and relevant degree programmes. See Further Information for contact details.
Training
Within surveying, it is accepted that gaining chartered status is a highly recommended way of enhancing career prospects. This can be achieved through the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors or the Chartered Institute of Building's (CIOB) Faculty for Architecture and Surveying.
To qualify as a chartered surveyor through the RICS, you have to study for a degree accredited by the RICS. You must also complete the RICS Assessment of Professional Competence (APC).
CIOB candidates need to hold an accredited honours degree. After obtaining the degree, graduates have to obtain two years' relevant experience. Those with a higher national certificate or diploma may join as associate members and upgrade to corporate membership through further study.
The ICES offers various membership grades from student to fellowship level. They also offer a range of training programmes, which contribute to professional development.
For more details about qualifying routes, accredited courses and professional development, contact RICS, the CIOB and ICES in Further Information.
NVQ/SVQ Level 4 in Spatial Data Management is also available.
Opportunities
Employment opportunities for land surveyors can be found throughout the UK and overseas. Employers include central and local government departments, construction, engineering and property development companies, specialist surveying firms, banks, building societies, insurance companies and Ordnance Survey of Great Britain.
Promotion usually depends on internal company structures. Career progression can include overall project management, specialisation in a particular aspect of land surveying or working as a self-employed consultant, independently or in partnership with other specialists in professional practice.
Annual Income
Figures are intended as a guideline only.
Starting salaries for newly qualified staff are between £20,000 and £23,000.
Experienced surveyors earn between £24,000 and £36,000.
Senior staff with chartered status can earn around £40,000.
Further information
48 New North Road
Exeter
Devon
EX4 4EP
Helpline: 08000 567160
Carey St
London WC2A 2 JE
Westwood Way
Coventry
CV4 8JE
Tel: 0870 333 1600
Kings Ride
Ascot
Berkshire
SL5 7TB
Tel: 01344 630700
Reading
Berkshire
RG6 6AW
Tel: 0800 019 9697
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The information contained in our Career Profiles Database was correct at time of publishing, but since publication certain details may have changed so please use this section as a research tool and in some cases further research may be required.
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