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graphic designer
Graphic designers produce mainly 2D (two-dimensional) designs for a variety of purposes, including:
- advertising
- logos
- posters
- signs
- labels
- television graphics
- websites
- book covers and magazines.
Some also produce 3D (three dimensional) designs for packaging, exhibitions and displays.
The work includes:
- working from a brief supplied by clients, senior designers or account executives
- choosing the right medium and style to suit the product
- keeping within budgetary constraints and time limits
- preparing rough sketches or visuals of the design
- presenting these to the client for approval
- Once the final design is approved, producing detailed instructions including specifications for typefaces, sizes and colours for printing.
Hours and Environment
Designers usually work from 9am - 5pm, but may have to work longer hours to meet deadlines. Part-time work is sometimes possible.
Graphic designers are usually based in a studio or office, but may spend some time visiting clients and printers.
Skills and Interests
Graphic designers should:
- be creative and imaginative
- be skilled at using computer design packages
- have drawing ability
- have knowledge of printing techniques and photography
- be able to manage time well, meet deadlines and work within a budget
- have excellent communication skills
- be able to take criticism.
Entry
You may be able to get work as a graphic designer without a qualification if you have relevant skills and an excellent portfolio of design work, but entry is very competitive so it is an advantage to have a qualification. Most graphic designers have a degree. These are available in graphic design and in other design-related subjects.
In England and Wales you will often need a recognised art and design foundation course for entry to a degree course, but one of the following may also be accepted:
- two subjects at A level/three H grades
- another level 3 qualification, such as an AVCE in Art and Design or a BTEC/SQA National Diploma in a relevant subject area.
For entry to an art and design foundation course you will usually need:
- five GCSEs (A-C)/S grades (1-3); and
- one A level/two H grades.
In Scotland degree courses last for four years, with an initial year which is similar to the foundation courses in England and Wales.
You will also need to present a portfolio of your work. You may be accepted without the usual academic entry requirements if you have exceptional talent and experience. For all courses you should check with colleges and universities for their specific requirements.
To search for colleges and universities offering art and design foundation courses, HNDs and degrees see Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS)
If you need help assembling your work you may be able to attend a portfolio-building course at a local college.
Training
As a designers you are likely to need working knowledge of software packages such as:
- Quark Xpress
- Photoshop
- Freehand
- Illustrator
- 3D Studio Max
- Dreamweaver
- Flash.
You can do courses in these at local colleges and with private course providers.
There are a number of ways in which you can develop and update your skills and knowledge when you are working as a designer. These include:
- NVQs/SVQs in design
- Professional Development Award (PDA) diplomas in graphic design (available in Scotland)
- postgraduate degrees and diplomas in specialised areas of graphic design and related subjects. Entry is usually with a first degree
- the programme of continuous professional development (CPD) provided by the Chartered Society of Designers (CSD) for members. Details are on the CSD website. See the Further Information section of this profile.
Opportunities
Employers include:
- advertising agencies
- design agencies
- multimedia production companies
- publishers
- local government
- charities
- commerce and industry.
Although there is a constant demand for graphic designers, those with experience and advanced skills are more likely to find employment. Medium to large-sized agencies offer more opportunities for promotion. Career advancement usually involves moving from job to job to gain wider experience.
Self-employment is common and is increasing. There are also opportunities to work part-time or from home.
Annual Income
The annual income section is intended as a guideline only.
Income for graphic designers varies depending on ability, reputation and the type of employer.
Newly qualified designers earn around £12,000 to £14,000 per year.
Experienced graphic designers earn between £19,000 and £25,000.
Senior graphic designers with extensive experience can earn £50,000 or more.
Freelance designers may charge anything between £10 and £30 an hour.
Further information
London
WC2E 7DL
Tel: 020 7420 5200
London
SE1 1RQ
Helpline: 0800 093 0444
Back To Arts Crafts and Design Careers
Further Help and Advice
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The information contained in our Career Profiles Database was correct at time of publishing, but since publication certain details may have changed so please use this section as a research tool and in some cases further research may be required.
Careers Database Information By Learn Direct Advice